This course offers an overview of image compression and its applications in medical imaging. It begins with an introduction to various medical imaging modalities, and fundamental concepts in image compression. A detailed description of JPEG2000, its functionality and modes of operation will be provided. Impact of lossy compression on diagnostic quality of medical images will be discussed. Various quantitative and subjective quality assessments will be presented. Current status of JPEG2000 within DICOM will be discussed. Concluding remarks will include future directions in volumetric image compression and knowledge modeling.

1. Introduction
  a. Medical Image Acquisition Modalities
  b. Medical Image Data Representation
  c. Overview of image storage and transmission requirements for a range of clinical operations (group practice to nationwide medical systems)
  d. Why compression
  e. Compression Fundamentals

2. Image Compression: Standards
  a. JPEG: Overview and the need for new standard
  b. JPEG-LS: Overview
  c. JPEG2K
    i. Basic Architecture
    ii. DWT
    iii. Quantization
    iv. Precincts-Layers-Packets
    v. Arithmetic Coding
    vi. Bit-stream Formation
    vii. Dynamic and Static ROI

3. Impact of image compression on diagnostic value of the image
  a. Subjective methods
    i. Ideal Observer
    ii. ROC analysis
    iii. Confidence Rating
    iv. Study Design
  b. Objective methods
    i. Monochromatic HVS Models
    ii. Image Fidelity and Quality Metrics
    iii. Observer and Model Agreement: Clinical Assessment

4. Medical Image Compression Standards
  a. DICOM 3.0
    i. Standard development
    ii. Object vs. Service
    iii. Data structure
    iv. Communication Models and Protocols
  b. Current status of JPEG2K within DICOM

5. Future Directions (MA & TE)
  Volumetric data compression
  Object-based compression
  From information to knowledge

Mostafa Analoui, Ph.D., is the Senior Director and Global Head of Image Analysis and Visualization group at Pfizer Global Research and Development in Connecticut. He is also adjunct Professor of Oral Pathology, Medicine, Radiology at Indiana University (IU), Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering at Purdue University. Dr. Analoui is actively involved in developing imaging solutions for biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. His research focus includes: Quantitative multi-modality imaging, applications of direct digital radiography in clinical imaging, applications of human visual models in visual enhancement of clinical images, multi- and hyper-spectral imaging for tissue characterization. Dr. Analoui was previously the Director of Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging Research at IU. In addition to lecturing graduate courses on biomedical imaging, he also lectures nationally and internationally. Dr. Analoui has authored over 100 publications, including journal articles, book chapters, and technical reports. He is active member of IEEE, SPIE, IS&T, IADR, AAOMR, and IADMFR.

Touradj Ebrahimi received his M.Sc. and Ph.D., both in Electrical Engineering, from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, in 1989 and 1992 respectively. From 1989 to 1992, he was a research assistant at the Signal Processing Laboratory of EPFL. During the summer 1990, he was a visiting researcher at the Signal and Image Processing Institute of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. In 1993, he was a research engineer at the Corporate Research Laboratories of Sony Corporation in Tokyo, where he conducted research on advanced video compression techniques for storage applications. In 1994, he served as a research consultant at AT&T Bell Laboratories working on very low bitrate video coding. He is currently Professor at the Signal Processing Laboratory of EPFL, where beside teaching, he is involved in various aspects of visual information processing and coding for multimedia applications and heads the Digital TV group of the same institute. In 1989 and 1997, respectively, he was the recipient of the IEEE and Swiss national ASE award, and the SNF-PROFILE grant for advanced researchers. Prof. Ebrahimi has initiated more than a dozen National, European and International cooperation projects with leading companies and research institutes around the world. He is also the head of Swiss delegation to MPEG and JPEG and represents the Swiss national body at ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29. His research interests include still, moving, and 3D image processing and coding, and visual information security (watermarking and authentication). He is the author or the co-author of more than 70 research publications, and holds 10 patents.